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It is my honor and privilege to introduce to you our speaker, reverend, dr robert, M franklin , James, T and Berto are Laney Professor at Emory University marking Dr franklin's scholarship, ministry and professional

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service is his unwavering commitment to moral leadership. Among his most notable achievements include his work as program officer in Human Rights and Social Justice at the Ford Foundation , his five year term as president of Morehouse College

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and his three inspiring books, Crisis in the village restoring hope in African american communities another day's journey black churches confronting the american crisis and liberating visions, human fulfillment and social justice in african american thought and his

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two lectures yesterday dr franklin has banquet at us with a feast of ideas, vignettes, stories and epistemology , ease of moral leadership. He has given us a timely rereading of martin Luther King's moral leadership and

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his provocative integration of love, power and justice. Today we look forward to the third course of his banquet of lectures. Please join me in welcoming Professor Franklin. Well, thank you to my dear colleague

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and friend for that tantalizing introduction. In the first lecture, I set forth a definition of moral leaders as people who live and lead with integrity, courage , and imagination who serve the common good while inviting

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others to join them. I invited you to imagine your own mount Rushmore of moral leadership, four leaders but each from a different sector who are advancing the common good and extending invitations and calls to action.

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I think there will be time at the end of today's presentation for us to share some of you have been telling me that you'd like to sort of declare or expose your nominations for moral leaders. In the

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second lecture, I maintain that moral leaders are students of the good and the right and they think about the moral life and the just society. They act to frame issues as moral issues. They engage in

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meaningful and exemplary social action king in Birmingham jail king . Not simply incarcerated, but writing a letter not simply to the eight pastors but to the broader public and they build enduring institutions that will outlive them but

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sustain their values and work. We now come to the final lecture that will focus on the difference moral leaders make, on whom and why. I will offer a tentative proposal for a principles centered impact evaluation

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method. My thinking is informed by years of experience and to enduring institutions Morehouse College in Atlanta and the chautauqua institution in Chicago and new york. Each institution is an american icon and each has been both a

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platform for moral thought leaders and an incubator for cultivating moral agents and leaders. There may be features of both institutions that can offer clues to other institutional leaders about how to expand their significant positive impacts on their

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local communities and the larger public. I'll say more about both. As I served as, as you heard, as president of Morehouse, one of America's leading colleges for producing leaders who have helped to change

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the nation and make history. And I arrived at Morehouse aware of that tradition, but also anxious to add value. It was an opportunity to invite a couple of 1000 young men to live lives of success

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and significance and I served later as director of the religion to program at the chautauqua institution, one of the nation's oldest mass gatherings for the arts, ideas and spirituality. In the leadership literature, much of

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it populated by business and social science experts. Most experts agree that effective, authentic leaders make a and I quote, significant positive impact on people and organizations . In a popular text used at Harvard Business School

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authors Ron Ashkenaz and Brooke Manville define leadership as achieving significant positive impact by building an organization of people working together toward a common goal end quote. But in the arena of moral leadership where we have defined it

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as leading with virtue, serving the common good and inviting others to participate, how can we most effectively evaluate their impact? I'd like to use this business school framework as a point of entry into the conversation

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about assessing organizations and their leaders. The model below has common sense appeal and many helpful approaches and metrics of evaluation. However, this business model does not provide sufficient ethical insight to be adequate for fully evaluating

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the impacts of moral leaders. Often moral leaders make choices about the goods to be pursued or about their own time utilization or an organization's external partnerships and investments that might in fact be or appear to be out

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of sync with a market logic of only behaving in ways that maximize profits and minimize losses. The practice or discipline of evaluation is now an established field. One of its leading practitioners is Michael Quinn Patton,

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P A t T O N, who served on the faculty of the University of Minnesota and was president of the American Evaluation Association in his book, Principles focused evaluation. The guide Michael Patten invites attention to

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three ancient and enduring questions to contemplate first, what are your principles? Second, to what extent do you adhere to them in your behaviors? And third , if you do not, if you do adhere

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to them, what are the consequences and results of that adherence? And if you do not, what are the consequences and results of not adhering patent notes that every arena of human inquiry and endeavour has generated

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guiding principles. Often conflicting guiding principles. For instance , for example, the early bird gets the worm , but the second mouse gets the cheese or fail often fail fast, learn much versus failure is not

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an option or think strategically understand the big picture though the devil is in the details. Yeah. Earlier , we discussed martin Luther King struggle with the radical love ethic of jesus as he wondered, how can

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I love those who hate me and are actively trying to kill me through Gandhi King found a way through this cognitive dissonance, this ethical conflict to apply the day ontological principle, the duty principle of love by

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means of massive, direct nonviolent civil disobedience. But before adjusting his strategy and tactics, he had to interrogate and evaluate the underlying principles of his action. Michael Patton says, quote, principles, focused evaluation

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informs choices about which principles are appropriate for what purposes in which contexts, helping to navigate the treacherous terrain of conflicting guidance and competing advice. End, quote . Then he draws the important distinction between moral principles

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and effectiveness principles, Utilizing Immanuel Kant's essay, fundamental principles of the metaphysics of morals from written in 1785 , which distinguished hypothetical imperatives from categorical imperatives. He continues an action deemed good in itself and not done

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as a means to achieve something else, was categorically good and constituted a moral imperative like truth telling, promise keeping. In contrast, an action done in the hopes of achieving some desired result was hypothetically imperative

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, meaning that its value depended on determining that the desired result was obtained by the hypothesized action counts. Hypothetical imperatives constitute effectiveness principles. His categorical imperatives are moral principles. Moral principles tell us what is right

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effectiveness principles tell us what works do unto others as you would have them do unto You provides moral guidance , think globally act locally offers guidance about how to be effective. Both can be evaluated. Moral principles

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are evaluated, evaluated on whether they are being followed . That is whether you are behaving rightly effectiveness principles are evaluated on whether they are being followed and whether in following them you achieve what you want to achieve

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. In that regard, effectiveness principles can be evaluated for their meaningfulness, feasibility, adherence, utility and results. End quote. Now, Patton offers a valuable paradigm for evaluating the impact of moral leaders.

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This helps us to us, did this leader at here to her or his deeply held moral values, but also did the leader achieve the goals of social improvement for others. Was it for communities and public

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and the public that respects the nobility of moral values , of serving others, of sacrificing of struggling and even of super irrigation, or extraordinary acts that are not and cannot be obligatory leaders motivated by what ethicists

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referred to as ethical egoism are regarded to be unprincipled . But in fact they do have principles or certainly one principle. Such leaders are motivated by the principle of ethical egoism as it's named in ethics literature that

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asks questions like did my activity pay off sufficiently for me? Yeah. Did I increase my name recognition ? Did I expand my network and roller dex? Did I come out first when compared with my peer

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competitors? Did I sell products and get paid adequately for my services rendered? But conventional morality inquires into whether the leader has moved the needle of history closer to truth, goodness, righteousness and beauty. Have

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lives been improved? Have injustice has been redressed? Have laws and policies changed? And has the culture changed? Have leaders and organizations and social movements done the right things for the right reasons? I would

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suggest that moral agents and moral leaders add this gear . This tool to their mode of operating of self monitoring and of self evaluating, both on moral grounds and on effectiveness grounds. I also suggest that moral

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leaders can advance the common good by building and investing in enduring institutions. Moral leaders build and invest in enduring institutions. I understand moral leaders to invest in institutions because that is the most efficient way the most

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faithful way to organize people to work together towards common goals. I'm intrigued by the conversation underway now at the Aspen Institute at brookings institution and other locations on how the conversation about income inequality and poverty. Eradication

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needs to shift from the role of philanthropy in our republic to focus on tax policy and public provision as a moral measure of how well the wealthy invest in the very social order that they have benefited from.

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And so I tread into the conversation about evaluating effectiveness and with appropriate caution and with a hermeneutic of suspicion . Nevertheless, As one who was, who was tasked with managing and leading an institution, I benefited

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from the lessons captured in a fascinating report titled the world's most enduring institutions. As the online magazine Business Wire summarized quote, why is it that some institutions endure for decades or even centuries while others disappear into

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history, booz Allen and Hamilton, the global strategy and technology consulting firm, Has sponsored a novel project identifying 10 of the world's most enduring institutions over the past century last century the list includes celebrates those institutions

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that have managed to reinvent themselves time and time again and remain market leaders as the unique circumstances of their founding have now given way to changing conditions, Paul hooker and I've been talking about how Austin is looking

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at its demand program and its future. That's precisely the kind of intellectual community exercise that should be undergo uh being pursued in enduring institutions. Now, the criteria they employed to identify exemplary institutions was interesting.

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Each institution is recognized for its unique abilities to meet or exceed seven Specific criteria for an enduring institution. First innovation or innovative capabilities. It's the capacity to create and modify strategies based on market opportunities and threats

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. You also have to sort of pardon the market language here. But again, this this is a model for entering the conversation. Not necessarily we that we need to retain their uh their vocabulary, 2nd

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Governance and Leadership. A leadership structure. An institution must have a leadership structure and senior management team that promote an organization, an organization wide commitment to what they call enterprise resilience, the ability to absorb change

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Governance and leadership. 3rd, information flow, a continual flow of information regarding it in our organization's operations and markets that is evaluated by senior management in making strategic decisions for culture and values. A working environment

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in which the adaptive qualities required for enterprise resilience are cultivated culture and values. Five adaptive response. The ability to withstand operational disruptions, market risks and other threats without significantly compromising and organizations effectiveness, adaptive response

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. Ron hyphens of Harvard writes and talks a lot about adaptive Itty is a key to it leaders, effectiveness, six risk structure, A system for managing risk that doesn't encumber or limit and organizations operations,

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that's the planning meeting that I had so often with my team. If this goes wrong, what do we do next? It was certainly something we were engaged in last week in Atlanta preparing for the Super

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Bowl and then seven legitimacy. The undisputed withstanding credibility of an organization within its market. That sense of an undisputed standing of credibility of and and stature within that larger field of competitors. These criteria become more

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comprehensible. When we look at the 10 organizations that the scholars who work on this report identified as exemplary of these various seven qualities. Among them were General Electric. Of course they had their challenges more recently

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. But Rockefeller Foundation, the U. S. Constitution, the Salvation Army, the modern olympic games , Dartmouth College, Oxford University, Sony Corporation and somewhat amusingly the Rolling Stones rock band, a rock

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band that has evolved each decade to appeal to a changing fan base. Now, all of this underscores the importance of enduring institutions actually won't have quarreled with some of these writers because they didn't include the christian

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church. But nevertheless they focus more in the business sector. They all have strong cultures and evoke deep loyalty. Ultimately, they are good organizations if they serve social ends, corporate social responsibility represents this aspiration

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to do good for humanity and not simply for the financial bottom line. Increasingly, social entrepreneurs and ethicists are insisting that companies and leaders consider at least a triple bottom line or impacts on people the planet and

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profits. Language of triple bottom line was one that we utilized at the Ford Foundation for a period. People planet profits and an old conversation about the corrosive effects of unbridled global capitalism. That goes back to

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Adam smith and his theory of moral sentiments is now being refreshed and extended in exciting and important ways By a number of scholars, including uh 10 Smith and Robert Jones in their recent book, Spirit and Capital

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in an age of inequality and also in europe, as a new book that I reviewed, has just been published out of Munich, The honourable merchant between modesty and risk taking, inter cultural and literary aspects

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. Well, this focus on capital, wealth, income and inequality and aside society aspiring to be just to treat its citizens as equal agents. That's where dr king was at the end of his ministry.

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And so I turn now to share some reflections on to enduring institutions with strong cultures. These are incubators for competent moral agents and moral leaders. First, the chautauqua institution, arts, knowledge, spirituality and

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wholesome leisure. After the Civil War the nation was engaged in as Abraham Lincoln put it poetically binding up broken wounds. Many perceive that a new threat was looming. The industrialization of the economy, population shifts

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from rural to urban communities and new strains upon american family marriage and family life with laborers working discreet hours and with more disposable time and income. People worried that men in particular would become less responsible and available

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to their families, misusing newly acquired time in drunkenness and other domestic pastimes. One of the institutions that emerged to instruct americans on the art of wholesome leisure was the chautauqua institution Founded in 1874. Set on

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a beautiful lake 70 miles south of Buffalo, New York, 40 miles west of Erie pennsylvania or east of Erie pennsylvania should talk was a place, but it is surprisingly much more. It is also an

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activity she talked to is a verb. Chautauqua is also a state of mind founded by a methodist pastor and methodist lay person. A businessman. Shattuck was started as a summer camp campground gathering for, but

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it evolved over time into an elaborate summer program. Learning in adult education. It's stage served as a pulpit for several U. S. Presidents, including ulysses S. Grant in the second year after its

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founding and franklin D. Roosevelt during World War Two when he delivered his I Hate War speech from the chateau qua platform, The campus where hundreds of tents were pitched during those early years of the late 19th

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century pitched to hear lectures and great singing and him singing of the sort we heard earlier today and for worship should talk. What do they feel more like a liberal arts college campus containing a variety of housing

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options from cabins and modest gingerbread houses to modern condos as well as multimillion dollar mansions. This is something of a marketing pitch for all of you to visit chautauqua at some time in your life. Four departments

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organized the multiplicity of lectures, concerts, worship gatherings and classes and of course all of this is open to the public. You simply purchase a gate fast . I lead had the privilege of leading the religion

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department in this recreation education, arts and Religion led that program and we've welcomed some of the world's most influential public moralists and public intellectuals as well as christian preachers who address critical issues and ideas. The lecture

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platform could be regarded as an a list of moral thought leaders. I highlight several of them as they were part of the inspiration for the work I'm engaged in. Now you will know many of these names

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. Sister Simone Campbell, the driving force behind nuns on the bus who takes groups of nuns to capitol hill to meet with members of Congress to remind them of the concerns of the least advantaged members of our

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society Marian wright. Edelman, the founder of the Children's Defense Fund, who makes the well being of Children the ultimate test of a good and just society , William Barber, who's led moral Mondays in his

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home state of north Carolina and called the nation to consider the condition of its heart collective heart. In his address to the Democratic National Convention, joan Brown Campbell, who served as general Secretary of the National

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Council of Churches and help put a human face on the crisis of refugee families who were separated traumatically. Some of you will recall that she intervened in the case of young Elian Gonzalez, whose mother drowned while

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escaping CUba cuba with her son. And during a standoff between CUba and the United States governments, they were on edge until joan Brown Campbell and met with the grandmothers of young Elian Gonzales and once again the

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grandmothers worked it out. Doctor Is Eldin Abu Relish . A Palestinian, Canadian physician came to attention after three of his daughters and a niece were killed by Israeli tank fire in Gaza. His book I Shall

00:28:59.220 - 00:29:18.290

Not Hate A Doctor Gaza. Doctor's journey on the road to peace and human dignity is compelling. Reading rabbi Jonathan sacks, Rabbi sacks is the retired chief rabbi of the United Hebrew congregations of the commonwealth in

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the UK and he's challenged the violent world in his important book, not in God's name, confronting religious violence, confronting religious violence. Father Gregory joseph boil . Father Boyle is a Jesuit priest and founder of

00:29:37.960 - 00:29:56.900

Homeboy Industries in Los Angeles In 1988. He addressed the unmet needs of gang involved youth by developing job and entrepreneurial opportunities. His program is regarded as the largest and most successful gang rehabilitation and re entry program

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in the world. And reverend Barbara Skinner, an african american evangelical and widow of the evangelist Tom Skinner and a founder of the National Prayer Breakfast of the Congressional Black Caucus. She along with Douglas Birdsall,

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who's a white christian missionary from Peoria. They Barbara Skinner and Doug Birdsong are working together under the banner of a wonderful organization called Civility Tas and they are working to heal the racial divide within evangelical and the

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larger christian community through private leadership dialogues that issue public statements and activities. Now these extraordinary leaders I've just alluded to and there are many, many more and we look forward to President Wardlaw coming mr talk with

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present. Soon they have shared much of the wisdom that is celebrated at chautauqua at its height. She Tocco became a movement that swept the nation should talk . We even became a verb meaning to gather for

00:31:10.690 - 00:31:29.340

an enriching intellectually stimulating experience. Smaller daughter should talk was Sprung up around the nation during the 20th century with almost 400 of them. At one Today, the only 30 or 40 survived should talk what takes

00:31:29.340 - 00:31:48.920

seriously its mission to welcome and engage the best that has been thought said and performed and they seek to preserve humanistic practices like long conversations on front porches with old friends and new acquaintances. The woman's movement was

00:31:48.920 - 00:32:07.160

born in Seneca Falls new york near the grounds of the chautauqua institution and she Taco has been associated with many progressive values and movements for transforming America. It has a favorite, it was a favorite destination for

00:32:07.160 - 00:32:22.700

moral leaders like Eleanor Roosevelt and she Taqua helped to launch America's oldest ongoing book club and had a correspondence course that enabled readers to read the books and come to the campus grounds in Western new york for a

00:32:22.700 - 00:32:45.050

commencement ceremony. She talk was now courageously engaged in a process of embracing greater diversity, ethnic, racial and class, and learning to celebrate race and difference and the shift from shot aqua to Morehouse. All

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liberal arts colleges are remarkable and wonderful places. And Morehouse, in my humble opinion, is even more so Founded in 1867 in the Ashes of the Civil War. Its benefactor was john D Rockefeller, founder

00:33:01.360 - 00:33:17.060

of Standard Oil, and a loyal baptist laymen. Rockefeller donated the land for the campus that that sits on which it sits today, along with the land for the campus of Spelman College. The All Women's

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School, literally across the street, a school named in honor of his wife. From the beginning, the school became a liberal arts leadership academy. It has a policy of admitting all of the nation's black

00:33:34.090 - 00:33:51.270

male high school valedictorians. Howard thurman was one of those valedictorians in Daytona beach florida. Benjamin Mays first came to Morehouse. This was the legendary president of Morehouse who was sort of a mentor for young martin

00:33:51.280 - 00:34:07.830

King 1927 for the first time to teach math and philosophy. After earning his master's degree at the University of Chicago, he found it to be a welcoming nurturing institution and he observed the remarkable leadership of the

00:34:07.830 - 00:34:24.190

then president, dr john hope, who was the college's first black president. May's saw promise in Morehouse and his experience growing up in the jim crow south Carolina, he was a star student in an elite

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New England College and he then of course went to Chicago for his master and PhD degrees and in that bustling midwest environment with role models like dean of the University of Chicago divinity school, Shaler Matthews and brilliant

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new testament scholar and robert Maynard Hutchins, the youngest president of a major american university in the country at that time, Appointed at the age of 35 to lead the University of Chicago. So Philip Mays was

00:34:59.830 - 00:35:16.360

an environment of dynamic, visionary leadership And I think he brought all of that with him to Morehouse when he arrived as president in 1940, may help to recruit and attract faculty leaders that made the college remarkable

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. Along with a strong faculty, Morehouse earned membership in phi beta kappa. The modern civil rights movement would certainly not been not have been as effective without the extraordinary contributions of Morehouse graduates who were known as

00:35:34.340 - 00:35:50.060

Morehouse men. They included martin Luther King, Jr Julian Bond Maynard Jackson, the first black mayor of Atlanta, surgeon general, David Satcher, the US Secretary of health and human services, louis Sullivan under

00:35:50.060 - 00:36:07.110

George Bush and some of the nation's most talented pastors , congressman, business leaders, engineers, college presidents , artists like Spike lee and Samuel Jackson and other community leaders. Years later I arrived as president of

00:36:07.110 - 00:36:20.740

Morehouse, found the culture to be strong but in need of updating and vision refinement. As the college grew in size. Over the previous 30 years, I noticed it began to shed many of its earlier

00:36:20.740 - 00:36:38.030

traditions. The Yale historian, as I noted in the panel, moderated conversation yesterday, jaroslav Pelikan says tradition is the living faith of the dead traditionalism, going through the motions with no meaning traditionalism is the

00:36:38.030 - 00:36:59.550

dead faith of the living. After studying the college history very carefully and prayerfully interviewing key alumni, board members and donors. I pondered how could I build on and extend the institutional ministry of Benjamin Mays.

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I began a process of crafting a vision but I hoped might bring renewed pride and dedication to the Morehouse family came to be known as the Morehouse renaissance and I spoke of our students as renaissance, men with

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social conscience and global perspective that proposed an aspirational vision for every student. They came to Characterize it as the five wells. I urge every student to be well read, well spoken, well traveled, well

00:37:32.670 - 00:37:50.670

dressed and well balanced. When I first delivered that speech at a welcoming second year or opening week orientation , the parents and the crowds gave me a standing o the young men sat there and they were sort

00:37:50.670 - 00:38:01.650

of puzzled, they weren't sure they were ready to buy into this. But two weeks later I found a student walking across campus with wearing a T shirt with the Five Wells, well read, well spoken

00:38:01.650 - 00:38:15.460

, well traveled, well dressed, well balanced and one of my vice president said, I think you've won this one. Mhm. Mhm. A variety of bonding rituals then began to develop during the first

00:38:15.460 - 00:38:30.470

week of of uh of school. And these moments are sustained through regular chapel gatherings daily during the years of martin king but reduced to twice a week During my years as a student Morehouse men live with the

00:38:30.470 - 00:38:51.040

metaphor of a crown held above their heads into which they must grow through service to others. My experience , such a taco and Morehouse make it clear that institutions with strong cultures can produce strong leaders. And

00:38:51.040 - 00:39:06.950

so my conclusion, I bring these presentations to a conclusion. Moral leadership is on the rebound. I hope that each of you will participate in the challenging work ahead of healing and rebuilding our divided nation.

00:39:07.720 - 00:39:30.030

A recent report by the organization known as More in common. It's an international initiative aimed at building resilient communities and pushing back against threats of polarization and not just in America but around the world. They produce

00:39:30.030 - 00:39:50.440

a wonderful report. I invite you to google and read it simply titled Hidden Tribes. Hidden Tribes. A study of America's polarized landscape. Hidden tribes suggests that apart from the small number of ideological extremists on

00:39:50.440 - 00:40:08.440

both ends, left and right, americans are not as far apart as we think, A Keen Observer of the 19th Century. Yes, Alexis de Toqueville said not quote, the greatness of America lies not

00:40:08.450 - 00:40:30.520

in being more enlightened than any other nation, but rather in her ability to repair her false end. Quote, I began these lectures by sharing a vignette about my extraordinary grandmother, Martha McCann, a charismatic

00:40:30.530 - 00:40:45.320

, grassroots leader who thought nothing of running into the middle of a potential war about to erupt between angry young gang members. Perhaps we can pause on that image and on the thought that the renewal of american

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civil society now rent by multiple divisions, may require heroic moral action, by heroic, self sacrificing moral leaders who are willing to do more than is expected or obligatory in order to enable and unleash potential goodness

00:41:05.600 - 00:41:22.030

resident in all of our communities, if there are families and Children falling further behind in their access to good jobs, public or private or good education or decent and livable wages, then we can start there

00:41:23.110 - 00:41:39.390

. If racial tension and misunderstanding of reached, embarrassing and unsustainable levels for you, then there is a good place to begin to inquire, to read, to listen, to learn and to make friends and

00:41:39.400 - 00:41:49.420

allies so that we can enable and teach the Children to love what we have loved. Thank you for